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<title>BlueGlobe Energy Feed</title>
<description>A very large proportion of our impact on the world&apos;s environment and climate is down to the processes by which we generate energy and the mechanisms by which we transport ourselves and our products around the planet. This section therefore is where we put news reports on changes to energy and transport strategies, technologies and emissions that may help (or hinder) action on climate change.</description>
<copyright>Copyright 2008</copyright>
<lastBuildDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100</lastBuildDate>
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<item>
<title>Should Coal Plants Cool It?</title>
<description><![CDATA[If we are to solve the climate problem, our current generation of conventional, CO2 intensive coal plants must be our last.

Note: this response was originally posted on the National Journalâ€™s Energy &amp; Environment Blog. You can read the entire post here, including the contributions of other experts.



With its high CO2 emissions and central place in the US (and global) energy infrastructure, &#8216;fixing&#8217; coal is arguably at the center of a successful resolution to the climate challenge in the United States and the world. At present, coal is responsible not only for significant CO2 emissions, but also for environmental damages ranging from mountain top removal to mercury emissions.  However, it offers a plentiful and low cost fuel that today provides more than 50 percent of U.S. electricity production, and we do not, at present, have either the financial capital or technological alternatives within reasonable costs to call for an immediate phase-out. 

If we are to solve the climate problem, our current generation of conventional, CO2 intensive coal plants must be our last. A price on carbon as part of a larger strategy to move into non-emitting sources is clearly critical. However, the urgency of the climate change challenge means we cannot wait for the coal problem to be solved through such pricing mechanisms alone.  For the next 20-30 years, we must pursue a set of complementary strategies that will transition the electricity grid away from coal over the long-term while reducing its destructive environmental impacts as much as possible in the short term. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a critical part of such a strategy. In practice, this means that new coal plants should only go forward under a narrow set of conditions.

First, on a generator-by-generator basis, new coal plants should be the option of last resort.  Even under optimistic assumptions, CCS is projected to capture well below 100% of CO2 emissions; many believe it will capture less than 80% even under optimistic scenarios.  Thus, even with CCS, coal will always be a liability from the perspective of climate change. Cleaner renewable energy sources and demand reduction through energy efficiency should be the first alternatives whenever possible.

Second&#8212;and as soon as possible&#8212;all new coal plants should be designed and engineered to capture the majority of their CO2 emissions for either long-term storage or industrial use.  This requirement would facilitate a rapid transition to broad-scale underground CO2 storage if and when the technology and infrastructure make it possible. Currently, &#8220;carbon capture ready&#8221; is poorly defined; often it means only that a utility has set aside acreage for capture facilities. Carbon capture needs to be built into the plant design, and implemented on day one.

Third, we should not build new coal plants in locations where the surrounding geology is not conducive to long-term underground CO2 sequestration, or where a lack of CO2 pipeline infrastructure would mean massive and costly delays for adequate CO2 storage. Nationally, the U.S. has huge sequestration potential&#8212;some have called it the &#8220;Saudi Arabia of sequestration.&#8221; But just as wind is not universally feasible, neither is sequestration. New large-scale CO2 pipelines are not currently being developed, and are likely to be prohibitively expensive in many cases.

Finally and most important, we must immediately embark on a &#8220;crash program&#8221; to develop and deploy carbon storage capability on a massive, global scale. Underground storage is the only option on the table for dealing with CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants. We now know enough about CCS siting, regulatory and liability challenges to quickly move towards industry-scale demonstrations.  But CCS will require billions&#8212;not millions&#8212;in research funding. The G8 goal of 20 CCS demonstration projects requires funding on the order of $1-1.5 billion per project. Investments on that scale will not happen fast enough without public subsidies, which should be a priority for the next Administration.]]></description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/should_coal_plants_cool_it.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/should_coal_plants_cool_it.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Hedging Energy Prices With Renewable Power</title>
<description><![CDATA[WRI and a group of corporate green power purchasers explore whether long-term green power contracts can be a win-win for providers and consumers.

A key advantage of renewable power is that it is generally free of fuel costs. That makes it attractive to buyers looking for a &#8220;hedge&#8221; against energy price volatility pegged to fossil fuels. But while this &#8220;hedge&#8221; can clearly be provided at the wholesale level, there is little experience in using it for retail customers, especially in competitive power markets.

A group of businesses&#8212;working with WRI&#8217;s Green Power Market Development Group, the Green Power group California Affiliates, and the U.S. Climate Business Group&#8212;is looking into ways to change that.  The group recently distributed a first-of-its-kind Request for Information (RFI) to a select group of green power suppliers. The RFI is intended to solicit information to assess the feasibility of long-term (say, 10-year) renewable power transactions as a hedge against energy prices in competitive U.S. power markets around the country.  The results of the RFI could lead to either formal solicitations or long-term contract negotiations.

The background summary document (PDF, 36&nbsp;Kb, 4&nbsp;pages) envisions two long-term contract options. The first option is a fixed-price contract, where the buyer agrees to buy a portion of their total load from a green power provider for a fixed price (say, 6 cents/KWh) or series of annual fixed prices.  The second option is a &#8220;contract for differences,&#8221; in which the provider and consumer agree to a &#8220;strike price&#8221; (say, $60/MWh) for the duration of the contract. If the market clearing price is less than the strike price at the time of production, the consumer pays the power generator the difference between the two. If the market price is greater, the power generator pays the difference to the customer.  Either way, both parties enjoy the benefit of a predictable price.

A long-term &#8220;hedge contract&#8221; could provide big benefits for both consumers and producers.  Consumers get the aforementioned hedge against volatile fossil fuel energy prices.  For green power producers, a long-term contract is an attractive value proposition and could help the developer lock-in debt financing. As the crisis in the financial markets has reduced the amount of capital for project financing, these long-term contracts could provide an additional source of support to project developers.

The RFI was originally submitted to a group of pre-screened suppliers; additional suppliers, merchants and generators should contact Alex Perera or Robert Heilmayr if  interested.

For more details, read the background summary document (PDF, 36&nbsp;Kb, 4&nbsp;pages).]]></description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/hedging_energy_prices_with_ren.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/hedging_energy_prices_with_ren.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Coal Power Could Undermine Northeast Cap-and-Trade System</title>
<description>Imported Coal Power Could Undermine Northeast Global Warming Cap-and-Trade System</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/coal_power_could_undermine_nor.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/coal_power_could_undermine_nor.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>CARB expected to vote on new diesel rules</title>
<description>The California Air Resources Board is expected to vote today on two new rules that would dramatically reduce toxic emissions from big-rig trucks.</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/carb_expected_to_vote_on_new_d.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/carb_expected_to_vote_on_new_d.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>New MO Energy Standard Will Boost Economy</title>
<description>Missouriâ€™s new clean energy statute would save consumers money, as well as reducing harmful carbon emissions.</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/new_mo_energy_standard_will_bo.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/new_mo_energy_standard_will_bo.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>MA compromise will boost renewables, cut global warming</title>
<description>If passed later this week, a Massachusetts compromise energy bill will make the state a leader in cutting global warming pollution.</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/ma_compromise_will_boost_renew.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/12/ma_compromise_will_boost_renew.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Paper: Clean Energy Investment in the Former Soviet Union (Ukraine and Kazakhstan)</title>
<description>Point Carbon - This commissioned study looks at the domestic barriers and opportunities in two countriesâ€” the Ukraine and Kazakhstanâ€” for increased investment in clean energy infrastructure and technologies. Some barriers and opportunities are general to all investment, while others are specific to clean energy investment. The study was part of a project that included another country study (PDF - 1.7 mb), in Nigeria. A synthesis report (PDF - 1.1 mb) pulled together the lessons from these studies and the literature on domestic issues, as well as looking at international investment law through the same lens, asking how it might foster or frustrate increase clean energy investment.</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/paper_clean_energy_investment.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/paper_clean_energy_investment.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Pitching Green Cars as High-Tech</title>
<description>Hybrid cars might be all the rage among Western drivers worried about high gas prices and pollution. But many Russian drivers couldn&apos;t care less.</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/pitching_green_cars_as_hightec.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/pitching_green_cars_as_hightec.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Climate Change, Energy &amp; Security</title>
<description><![CDATA[High prices have again put energy policy squarely on the U.S. agenda. Political candidates are talking about every energy option under (and including) the sun.  And this week, Congress is expected to take up new legislation that could expand energy supplies and increase efficiency&#8212;but would not directly address climate change. That would be an unfortunate, missed opportunity.

Today, we face a perfect storm of not one but three major global challenges: energy, climate change, and national security.  These three areas are interconnected through our persistent and growing dependence on fossil fuels. We cannot try to solve one of these challenges in isolation and expect a satisfactory result. We must address all three.

Climate Change




Climate Change Targets in the 110th Congress
Congressional Brief: Using Agriculture and Forestry To Lower Costs
Bottom Line Series
Renewable Electricity Standards
Carbon Taxes
Cap and Trade
Renewable Energy Tax Credits
Corporate GHG Inventories
GHG Emissions Registries
International Trade
State &amp; Federal Policy Roles
Climate Policy Terminology



Energy


Weighing U.S. Energy Options
Biofuels Impacts and Policy Recommendations
Deploying Carbon Capture &amp; Storage in the U.S. At Scale
Transitioning to Secure, Low-Carbon Energy


Security


Climate Change &amp; the Multilateral Development Banks
Climate Change Policy and International Competition]]></description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/climate_change_energy_security.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/climate_change_energy_security.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Sun Is Setting On Critical Renewable Energy Tax Credits</title>
<description><![CDATA[A thriving renewable energy industry is a critical solution to problems such as high energy prices and climate change. But unless Congress extends the renewable tax credits soon, the industryâ€™s steady growth could stall.For the past year, lawmakers have vigorously debated three inter-connected issues: energy costs, the economy, and climate change.Green power is part of the solution for all three. First, a sustained clean energy boom will make our economy less dependent on fossil fuels such as natural gas that are subject to significant price volatility. Second, better policy support for green power will allow U.S. companies to lead in a fast growing market, and create the jobs and technologies that will supply the world with the next generation of energy.Â  Finally, the displacement of fossil fuels in favor of renewable energy will decrease greenhouse gas emissions and help tackle the climate change threat.Renewable energy tax creditsâ€”the Production Tax Credit (PTC) and the Investment Tax Credit (ITC)â€”have been a key driver of in the development of green power in the United States. These credits improve the cost-competitiveness of low-carbon technologies for energy production.The incentives have wide, bipartisan support, but a Congressional fight over how to pay for them has left the future of these tax incentives in limbo. (Read more here.) In late July, the Senate again failed to extend them. They are set to expire on December 31st. With the political world focused squarely on the November election, lawmakers have little time to pass tax credit extensions before Congress adjourns at the end of the year. The tax savings companies receive from the credits can make the difference between a profitable renewable energy project and a failed one. The PTC and the ITC also increase R&amp;D funding to these industries and speed the rate at which these technologies are adopted in the market. (Learn more about renewable tax credits from WRIâ€™s Bottom Line publication.)Year-to-year extensions do not provide the certainty companies need to make large, long-term capital investments that are necessary to complete renewable power projects.As the chart below illustrates, the wind industry is especially dependent on the Production Tax Credit (PTC). Congress failed to renew the PTC in 1999, 2001, and 2003. Consequently, wind project development stalled. Congress passed a three-year extension in 2004, and the certainty provided to the industry has led to sizable growth. In 2007, the U.S. wind power industry grew by 45 percent, and AWEA predicts the U.S. will become the worldâ€™s top wind power producer by yearâ€™s end. (Chart courtesty of AWEA.)  AWEA executive director Randall Swisher recently told ClimateWire, â€œOver the next month, if Congress doesnâ€™t act, [the companies] may have to abandon projects for 2009.â€ â€œWeâ€™re talking about them walking away,â€ Swisher added. â€œItâ€™s a disastrous scenario that&#8217;s just unbelievable in light of all the progress the industry has made.â€ A recent Navigant Consulting report predicted that without the tax credits, the wind and solar PV industries would mean a loss of over $19 billion in investment and 116,000 jobs. The solar industry has benefited from the ITC especially. The Solar Energy Industry Association (SEIA) said failure to extend the tax credits would be a â€œsevere blow,â€ warning that â€œâ€˜tens of thousands of jobs and billions of dollars will be lost in new solar investment.â€Other green power sectors have seen expansive growth the last few years, in no small part due to the tax credits. Allowing the tax credits to sunset will significantly reduce that growth, which no matter where you stand in the energy debate, is a bad idea. The following chart shows how many emerging types of renewable powerâ€”including geothermal and biomassâ€”benefit from the credits:The Green Power Market Development Group (GPMDG), a 15-member consortium of companies organized by WRI, has called for both the House and Senate to pass renewable tax credit extensions, calling them â€œvital for supporting near-term development and utilization of cost competitive renewable energy.â€ GPMDG is made up of a diverse set of fortune 100 companies, including Dupont, Google, and Starbucks.The experience of WRIâ€™s Green Power Market Development Group in pursuing a range of renewable energy projects has shown that in order to be most effective, Congress should:Extend renewable energy tax credits for 5-10 Years. The potential expiration of renewable energy tax credits casts uncertainty on the value of renewable energy investments currently in the pipeline. Just as problematic, past extensions have just been for 1 or 2 years, and advocates have had to fight hard to get even those.Cover all renewables equally. The 1.9 cent/kWh production tax credit applies only to wind, geothermal, solar, and closed-loop biomass projects. Less-known types like Open-loop biomass landfill gas, anaerobic digestion, and certain hydro projects, which also have potential, receive only 0.9 cents/kWh. The 1.9 cent level should apply to all renewable resources.Make renewable energy tax credits transferable. Some green power facilitiesâ€“for instance, those owned by public utilitiesâ€“donâ€™t qualify for the tax credits, The simple fix is to allow these credits to be transferred to a third party that can sufficiently use them. Learn more at the Green Power Market Development Group&#8217;s website.]]></description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/sun_is_setting_on_critical_ren.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/09/sun_is_setting_on_critical_ren.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>In Windy West Texas, An Economic Boom</title>
<description><![CDATA[This is the first feature in a weekly, three-part series on green jobs in various sectors of the global economy. 


Growing up in West Texas, Larry Martin became well accustomed to the challenges of living off the land. Raised on a cotton farm outside the small town of Sweetwater, he recalls defending his family's crops from sandstorms after a hard rain. More often, he hoped the region's brutal droughts would not burn the cotton to death. 


Cotton farming in West Texas is a constant battle against the elements. &quot;In college, I saw a lot of farms were going broke,&quot; Martin said. &quot;A lot of people work all their life and didn't have much to show for it.&quot; 


So instead, Martin joined TXU Energy, a regional utility company, and traveled across Sweetwater and greater Nolan County fixing power outages. After nearly 20 years on the job, he took notice when the county's first wind turbines were installed in 2001. By 2006, Texas surpassed California as the U.S. state with the most installed wind energy capacity - West Texas alone produces enough electricity to power 1 million homes. In a region suffering from economic decline, Martin realized the wind was beginning to blow in a new direction. 


Martin left TXU and joined three friends to start an energy services company, Wind Energy Turbine Services (WETS), in 2006. Their staff has since grown to include 26 employees, nearly all of whom are Sweetwater locals. &quot;In the future, as we expand, as we get more jobs, we'll need more manpower,&quot; Martin said. 


In Sweetwater, Martin and seemingly every other business owner is benefiting from the wind energy boom. The population is growing. Unemployment is down. The tax base has swelled so much that Nolan County actually cut taxes last year. 


As wind energy continues to expand across the U.S. heartland, rural America is likely to experience a revitalization not experienced since the homestead land grabs of the 19th century. Green jobs - high-quality employment for environmentally sustainable industries - and related spin-off opportunities are proliferating across West Texas. Local leaders predict that the economic growth has only just begun. 


The West's Wind Workers 


Billions of investment dollars are now being spent on wind energy development across rural America, and the areas with the most wind have yet to be developed. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that 300 gigawatts of wind energy capacity can be installed throughout the country by 2030. If investments continue to spread, and necessary infrastructure such as new transmission lines are built, wind energy alone could create thousands of jobs, while providing a clean source of electricity. 


Nolan County, first populated with the arrival of railway lines in 1881, prospered until the Great Depression devastated the area's cotton economy in the 1930s. While the area was revived during World War II, farm consolidation during the 1950s led to steady population decline across the county and most of West Texas. Even the discovery of oil in 1939 did little to help the local economy - most petroleum industry employees came from other parts of the country, and they left when the oil dried up in the 1990s. In 2004, 20 percent of the population was living in poverty, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. 


That same year, the rising unemployment rate reversed itself and began a steady decline. Attracted by a windy climate, high-capacity transmission lines, favorable rules for siting turbines, and a statewide renewable energy standard, wind energy companies, such as General Electric and AES, set up operations in Sweetwater. 


Today, workers are pouring in from across Texas to manufacture, transport, maintain, and repair wind turbines. Of Nolan County's estimated 14,878 residents, an estimated 1,124 have jobs directly related to wind energy, according to a study released earlier this week by the West Texas Wind Energy Consortium. 


Sweetwater's Economic Revival 


The growth in wind energy jobs has been greater than expected, based on industry trends. According to traditional industry estimates, for every 10 or 12 wind turbines, one job is created. But in Nolan County, where 1,572 turbines are projected to be operational by 2009, 480 permanent workers will be required - a ratio of one permanent operations job for roughly every three turbines, or 0.13 jobs per megawatt, the consortium study said. 


The wind industry boom has stimulated job growth across the entire local economy. Some 1,500 construction workers are engaged in Nolan County's five major wind energy projects. Building permit values shot up 192 percent in 2007 over 2001 values. Sales tax revenues increased 40 percent between 2002 and 2007. The county's total property tax base expanded from $500 million in 1999 to $2.4 billion this year. 


The added revenues are being spent on new roads and several school renovations. One schoolhouse had been in operation since the arrival of the Texas &amp; Pacific Railway in 1881. A new school replaced it in 2005, at a cost of $4.5 million. 


To provide training for the growing wind energy industries, the first community college wind energy program in the state began last year. Texas State Technical College-West Texas had rarely attracted many students from beyond Sweetwater before. The 130 students who have enrolled since the program began - ranging from fresh high-school graduates to older transitional workers - come from as far as Corpus Christi, some 400 miles (644 kilometers) away, said Mike Reeser, the college president. 


&quot;Typically a program will struggle while word gets out that training is available. This kind of start is extraordinary,&quot; Reeser said. &quot;There's a certain cache in West Texas to work in this field.... It is a noble industry.&quot; 


The majority of U.S. wind projects are being established on privately owned farmland, which has yielded farmers annual compensations between $2,000 and $5,000 per megawatt of installed capacity, according to the American Wind Energy Association. In Nolan County, such royalties have amounted to an estimated $12.3 million into the pockets of private landowners, according to the consortium report. 


&quot;I've seen us in good times and not so good times,&quot; said Jacque McCoy, the Sweetwater Chamber of Commerce's executive director. &quot;The wind energy has just revitalized Sweetwater, Texas, and really all of Nolan County.&quot; 


Ben Block is a staff writer with the Worldwatch Institute. He can be reached at bblock@worldwatch.org. For permission to reprint this article, please contact Julia Tier at jtier@worldwatch.org. 


Stay tuned! This fall, Worldwatch senior researcher Michael Renner, in collaboration with Cornell University researchers and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), will release Green Jobs: Toward Sustainable Work in a Low-Carbon World. The report is a joint effort of UNEP, the International Trade Union Confederation, and the International Labour Organization.]]></description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/08/in_windy_west_texas_an_economi.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/08/in_windy_west_texas_an_economi.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>A New (Good) Look for Electric Cars</title>
<description>Two new battery-powered cars show that green autos don&apos;t have to be ugly and slow, which should help rev up the market</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/08/a_new_good_look_for_electric_c.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/08/a_new_good_look_for_electric_c.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>The greener grid</title>
<description>Governments need to back an overhaul to get the electricity grid ready for renewable energy.</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/08/the_greener_grid.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/08/the_greener_grid.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Vast oil, natural gas reserves estimated in Arctic</title>
<description><![CDATA[Associated Press: Some 90 billion barrels of oil and a third of the world's undiscovered natural gas lie beneath an area north of the Arctic Circle, government scientists estimate in the largest-ever survey of the energy resources there.  The U.S. Geological Survey, which announced the findings Wednesday, called the region, which includes parts of the United States, Russia and Canada, &quot;the largest unexplored prospective area for petroleum remaining on Earth.&quot;  All told, the area accounts ...]]></description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/07/vast_oil_natural_gas_reserves.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/07/vast_oil_natural_gas_reserves.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Wild Green Yonder</title>
<description>Airplane manufacturers are trying to bolster their green credentials by lauding initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of flying, as well as the cost.</description>
<link>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/07/the_wild_green_yonder.html</link>
<guid>http://www.blueglo.be/2008/07/the_wild_green_yonder.html</guid>
<category>Energy</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2008 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
</item>

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